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Plant Extracts as Insecticides in Pest Control
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A special issue of Insects (ISSN 2075-4450).
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2016) | Viewed by 23457
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Special Issue Editor
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland Gatton, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
Interests: extraction and evaluation of biopesticides; new approaches and processes for natural products; integrated pest management; applied entomology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Sustainable agriculture through better ecological approaches in pest management is the stimulus for further research in alternate pesticides against conventional pesticides, which lead to increased research in plant sources.
Since a few decades ago, biopesticides have emerged as a potential alternative to synthetic pesticide. The growing interest in biopesticides also stems from the rapid expansion of organic farming during the past decade and the public’s need to have year-round availability of high-quality food. There is also the need to increase food production to meet a growing world population. Biopesticide products can help in crop protection thereby increasing crop yields. For these reasons, development of new novel biopesticides has continued to increase rapidly since mid-1990s. In short, biopesticides play a vital role in crop protection, meeting societal needs and sustaining the planet.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) categorises biopesticides into biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plants containing added genetic material. However, the most common categories of biopesticides are botanicals and microbial pesticides. Botanical pesticides refer to pesticides of plant origin, where microbial pesticides refer to pesticides that include micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. Botanical pesticides are obtained from plants (medicinal and aromatic). A wide range of technologies is available for extraction of active components and essential oils from medicinal and aromatic plants. The choice depends on the economic feasibility and suitability of the process to the particular situation. Many of these components are secondary plant substances, including alkaloids, quinines, essential oils (including terpenoids), glycosides and flavonoids. Essentially, these compounds interfere with the growth and development of a pest, its ability to reproduce, or pest ecology, so reducing the expansion of the pest population.
Parasitoids and predators are natural enemies of insect pests in agroecosystems. Most conventional insecticides used to control pests in cultivated crops are relatively broad spectrum, killing the target species and the non-target beneficial insects as well. In general, the plant-derived insecticides, although effective against insect pests of agricultural importance, spare the beneficial insect’s comparative to conventional insecticides, because of their capacities of biodegradable nature and innate low mammal toxicity. However, some plant derived products either in crude or in formulation showed slight or moderate ill effects to some parasitoids, predators and honey bees during the application [and] may greatly reduce the risk.
No residual or persistent toxicity of botanical pesticides in the environment has so far been reported. In terms of insect resistance to botanical pesticides, it has developed as quickly as with conventional pesticides because the complex mixture in the botanical insecticides act to disrupt the selection process due to multiple modes of action. Plant derived insecticides are compatible with IPM, Biological Control and also with some conventional pesticides.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Errol Hassan
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- Biopesticide efficacy (insects, disease & weeds)
- Biopesticide mechanisms of toxicity
- Vector control using biopesticides
- Effects of biopesticides against vegetable pests
- Biopesticides efficacy against storage pests
- Biopesticide evaluation against mite pests
- Arthropod disease vectors
- Biopesticides as herbicides and Fungicides
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1650 KiB
Open AccessCommunication
Field Method for Testing Repellency of an Icaridin-Containing Skin Lotion against Vespid Wasps
by Jean-Luc Boevé, Frank Eertmans, Els Adriaens and Bart Rossel
Insects 2016, 7(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects7020022 - 3 Jun 2016
Cited by 2 |Viewed by 4981
Abstract
Vespid wasps are ecologically beneficial predators of insects but their stings also pose a human health risk. Current control methods based on killing vespids are suboptimal. Here, the repellent effect against Vespula vulgaris of a 20% icaridin skin lotion was evaluated under field [...] Read more.
Vespid wasps are ecologically beneficial predators of insects but their stings also pose a human health risk. Current control methods based on killing vespids are suboptimal. Here, the repellent effect against Vespula vulgaris of a 20% icaridin skin lotion was evaluated under field conditions. An experimental setup was designed in which six artificial skin pieces (10 × 10 cm) were video-recorded for 1 h, to count each min the numbers of flying and feeding vespids. Prior to monitoring, five pieces were successively smeared with 2 mg of cream per cm2, in 30 min intervals, from t = −120 min to 0. The sixth sheet remained untreated to serve as a control. One milliliter of an attractant, fruit jam, was deposited on each of the six surfaces at t = 0. The control surface was free of any flying or feeding vespid during an average period of 25 min, whereas the other five surfaces (treated at t = −120, −90, −60, −30, and 0 min) remained vespid-free for 39, 40, 45, 49, and 51 min, respectively. The skin lotion remained significantly active for at least 2 h. The experimental methodology is adjustable and allows the study of repellents against vespids in semi-natural conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Extracts as Insecticides in Pest Control)
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